黑龙江鸡西地区一维速度模型     

吴宝峰  张永刚  徐建权  郝永梅 《地震地磁观测与研究》2015,(3)

根据鸡西地震台网6个地震台记录的113个爆破S波和P波的到时差数据,和1979年牡丹江爆破数据给出的3个远台10个S波和P波的到时差数据,利用网格搜索法,得到鸡西地区一维P波和S波速度模型,并应用于爆破定位,定位精度有较大提高。  相似文献   

基于二次场电导率分块连续变化的三维可控源电磁有限元数值模拟   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李勇  吴小平  林品荣 《地球物理学报》2015,58(3):1072-1087

从电偶源三维地电断面可控源电磁法的二次电场边值问题及其变分问题出发,采用任意六面体单元对研究区域进行剖分,并且在单元分析中同时对电导率及二次电场进行三线性插值,实现电导率分块连续变化情况下,基于二次场的可控源电磁三维有限元数值模拟.这个新的可控源电磁三维正演方法可以模拟实际勘探中地下任意形状及电性参数连续变化的复杂模型.理论模型的计算结果表明,均匀大地计算的视电阻率误差和相位误差分别为0.002%和0.0005°.分层连续变化模型的有限元计算结果表明,其与对应的分层均匀模型解析结果有明显差异.三维异常体组合模型以及倾斜异常体等复杂模型的有限元计算结果也有效地反映了异常形态.  相似文献   

沈阳台利用sPn震相确定近震深度的对比分析     

荆涛 《防灾减灾学报》2015,(4):49-55

通过沈阳台记录到20个壳内近震和26个营海岫地区近震,利用s Pn与Pn震相的到时差重新计算这46个近震的震源深度,并和国家台网中心结果及辽宁台网中心结果进行比对,表明沈阳台记录到的s Pn震相可用于计算震源深度,计算得出的深度与国家台网中心及辽宁台网中心所测定深度基本相近,误差较小。  相似文献   

Influence of shallowness,bank inclination and bank roughness on the variability of flow patterns and boundary shear stress due to secondary currents in straight open-channels     

K. Blanckaert  A. Duarte  A.J. Schleiss 《Advances in water resources》2010

Boundary shear stress and flow variability due to its interaction with main flow and secondary currents were investigated under conditions that extend previous research on trapezoidal channels. Secondary currents that scale with the flow depth were found over the entire width in all experiments. These findings contradict the widespread perception that secondary currents die out at a distance of 2.5 times the flow depth from the bank, a perception which is largely based on experiments with smooth boundaries. The reported results indicate that a stable pattern of secondary currents over the entire channel width can only be sustained over a fixed horizontal bed if the bed's roughness is sufficient to provide the required transverse oscillations in the turbulent shear stresses. Contrary to laboratory flumes, alluvial river bed always provide sufficient roughness. The required external forcing of this hydrodynamic instability mechanism is provided by the turbulence-generated near-bank secondary currents. The pattern of near-bank secondary currents depends on the inclination and the roughness of the bank. In all configurations, secondary currents result in a reduction of the bed shear stress in the vicinity of the bank and a heterogeneous bank shear stress that reaches a maximum close to the toe of the bank. Moreover, these currents cause transverse variability of 10–15% for the streamwise velocities and 0.2u_*²–0.3u_*?² for the bed shear stress. These variations are insufficient to provide the flow variability required in river restoration projects, but nevertheless must be accounted for in the design of stable channels.  相似文献   

汶川特大地震之北川县城震害分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王根龙  刘红帅  张军慧 《地震工程学报》2010,32(2):173-178

2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震在北川县城造成了巨大的破坏,导致上万人死亡,整个北川县城变为废墟。现场地震科考分析显示,造成北川县城建筑物和道路严重损毁以及人员重大伤亡的三个主要原因为:活断层错动产生的地表破裂效应,地震引发的次生地质灾害(崩塌、滑坡)和强地震动产生的振动破坏效应。北川县城主断裂和次级断裂沿线分布的建筑物震害较重,而邻近断裂的建筑物震害相对较轻;地震触发的王家岩滑坡和景家山崩塌对北川县城造成了极大的破坏,导致2000余人死亡;而振动破坏效应在北川县城普遍存在,它产生的水平剪切运动对建筑物的危害很严重。  相似文献   

基于多重互相关函数分析剪切波速   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何先龙  赵立珍 《岩土力学》2010,31(8):2541-2545

介绍了一种提高单孔法剪切波速测量精度的新方法-多重互相关函数法。考虑到判断场地剪切波到时差的困难,提出了用多重互相关函数来求得两剪切波的到时差。互相关分析可求取两相似信号的到时差,但当两信号相似性比较差时,所求得到时差的误差较大;自相关函数本身可进行多重自相关分析,互相关函数结合多重自相关函数后,也可以进行多重互相关分析来求取两相似信号的到时差。试验表明：相比互相关函数,多重互相关函数可改善触发信号和井中三分向探头输出信号的相似性及更好地抑制噪声,因此能更精确地计算出触发信号和井中三分向探头输出信号的的到时差。基于此原理设计了剪切波波速的测试系统,此系统能自动分析出测点的剪切波速和形成完整的报告。  相似文献   

再生烃油气系统成因及全球分布   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

赵宗举 《海相油气地质》2005,10(4):5-12

经典油气系统理论与方法主要侧重于对由烃源岩一次生烃形成的原生油气系统的研究,而对由烃源岩二次生烃或多次生烃过程所形成的特殊油气系统的研究不够。提出了再生烃油气系统的定义为:曾经有过生烃过程但因后期抬升而暂停生烃的烃源岩被再次深埋或在构造热事件的作用下,由烃源岩二次或多次生烃过程所形成的油气系统,其中的油气藏称之为再生烃油气藏。指出了再生烃油气系统的特征为:(1)具多旋回构造演化历史;(2)烃类热成熟度较高,多表现为天然气及凝析油;(3)晚期成藏;(4)油气藏规模以中小型为多,少数为大型甚至特大型;(5)油气藏分布主要受“二次生烃”或晚期生烃中心控制。对再生烃油气系统的主要形成条件进行了阐述。介绍了潜在的再生烃油气系统在中国以及全球的分布状况。  相似文献   

Influence of the ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) on freshwater meiofaunal assemblages     

《Limnologica》2016

Meiofauna serves as a link between microbial production and higher trophic levels, such as macroinvertebrates and juvenile fish. However, the role of meiofauna in the freshwater food web has not been accurately evaluated, and the influence of shrimp predation on freshwater meiofaunal assemblages is unknown. In this study, the predation effects of Neocaridina davidi, an ornamental freshwater shrimp native to inland water bodies in Asia, on meiofaunal density, biomass, structure, and secondary production were examined using model ecosystems (microcosms) that were sampled repeatedly over 42 days. Shrimp predation altered the structure of the meiofaunal community over the course of the experiment, in particular the density, biomass, and secondary production of nematodes, microcrustaceans, and oligochaetes. An analysis of the stomach contents of N. davidi indicated a high degree of omnivory and the frequent consumption of meiofaunal organisms. The results indicated that predation by the freshwater shrimp N. davidi depresses the overall abundance, biomass, and secondary production of meiofaunal assemblages. Moreover, they also provide insights into food-web ecology and the first evidence of freshwater shrimp predation on meiofaunal assemblages.  相似文献   

Predicting tsunami arrivals: Estimates and policy implications     

Dao Hua Zhang  Tsz Leung Yip  Chiu-On Ng 《Marine Policy》2009

Tsunami is one of a few kinds of natural disasters that leave people some time for escape. This escape time, which is essentially the time for the giant wave to propagate from the epicentre to a coast, has to be estimated without delay upon the occurrence of the incident. With the advancement of water wave theories, much work has been done to model the propagation of tsunamis from deep oceans to shallow water. The authors argue that while much emphasis has been put on the expansion of the high-tech early warning system and the development of complicated tsunami models, a simple-to-use yet accurate predictive model is still wanting. This paper presents a handy linear wave model, which is capable of estimating the arrival time of a tsunami with very good accuracy, as has been verified by comparison with past incidents. With the availability of such a simple model, even local communities without access to a high-tech warning system can readily estimate the time left for emergency evacuation.  相似文献   

具有不同到达率的带有启动时间及不耐烦策略的多级适应性休假M^X/G/1排队     

王莉  朱翼隽 《成都信息工程学院学报》2008,23(6):704-710

研究了具有不同到达率的带有启动时间及不耐烦策略的多级适应性休假M^X/G/1排队模型,通过嵌入马尔可夫链方法推导出稳态队长的母函数、等待时间的LST（先到先服务规则）,并验证了稳态队长和稳态等待时间具有随机分解性,而且给出了忙期、全忙期及在线期均值。  相似文献